Cov khoom siv hlau

Ib qho hlau yog ib hom macroscopically homogeneous, ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov khoom siv hlau, feem ntau nrog cov khoom siv hlau. Txhua lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv alloying, tab sis cov khoom siv ntau ntxiv tseem yog hlau los ua ib qho alloy ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim, cov khoom siv ywj pheej hu ua pawg ntsiab lus, lossis tsuas yog yuan. Cov hlau uas muaj ob lub ntsiab lus yog hu ua binary alloy, ib qho alloy uas muaj peb lub ntsiab yog hu ua ternary alloy, thiab cov hlau uas muaj ntau tshaj peb lub ntsiab yog hu ua polymer alloy. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov khoom, alloys tej zaum yuav ib-theem los yog complex-theem sib tov; Lawv tuaj yeem yog crystalline, quasi-crystalline lossis amorphous. Nyob rau hauv crystalline alloys, nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm atomic radii, qhov hluav taws xob tsis zoo, thiab electron concentrations ntawm cov khoom siv, cov theem uas yuav tshwm sim yog cov kev daws teeb meem uas tswj cov qauv zoo ib yam li cov ntsiab lus ntshiab ntawm cov substrate, thiab cov theem nruab nrab uas ua. tsis muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam li ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov theem nruab nrab suav nrog cov valence ib txwm muaj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov theem alpha, cov theem interstitial, thiab cov sib txuas sib txuas nrog cov qauv nyuaj.

Cov theem uas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho alloy ntawm equilibrium yog paub los ntawm cov alloy theem daim duab. Cov qauv thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho alloy ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv cov khoom ntawm cov hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv hauv lub koom haum alloy, piv txwv li cov txheeb ze ntawm cov theem hauv cov hlau, cov nplej loj, cov duab thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov theem, kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov khoom ntawm cov hlau. Yog li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus yog siv los tsim ntau theem alloy, uas tuaj yeem raug kho kom haum raws li cov kev xav tau sib txawv. Yog tias koj xav tau ib daim duab qhia txog theem alloy, thov hu rau peb, peb yuav muab koj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dawb ntawm cov hlau no rau koj cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho, ntxiv rau, peb kuj muaj cov kws tshaj lij alloy suav software, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim. nqa tawm theoretical density xam ntawm binary alloys, polyalloys, raws li zoo raws li kev hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub atomic ratio thiab qhov ratio ntawm huab hwm coj, yog hais tias koj xav tau ib tug software, koj muaj peev xwm tiv tauj peb mus yuav nws, uas yuav yog. muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau koj cov haujlwm tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Nws yuav pab koj hauv koj cov haujlwm tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb.