tebchaw

Cov tshuaj tau muab faib ua cov tshuaj organic thiab cov tshuaj inorganic.

Organic compounds yog cov tebchaw uas muaj cov pa roj carbon (tab sis cov ntsiab lus muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide tsis tas yuav muaj cov organic). Cov tshuaj uas muaj cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen nkaus xwb hu ua hydrocarbons. Piv txwv li, methane (CH4) yog alkane, ethylene (C2H4) yog alkene, acetylene (C2H2) yog ib qho alkyne, thiab benzene (C6H6) yog ib qho muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbon. Organic teeb meem yog ib tug compound uas muaj carbon (tshwj tsis yog CO2, CO, H2CO3 thiab carbonate) xws li CH4, C2H5OH, CH3COOH tag nrho cov muaj carbon (C).

Cov tshuaj inorganic tsis muaj hydrocarbons, xws li H2O, KClO3, MnO2, KMnO4, NaOH, thiab lwm yam, yog cov tshuaj inorganic.

Cov khoom siv hlau

Metallic compounds thiab intermetallic compounds yog hais txog cov tebchaw tsim los ntawm cov hlau thiab hlau lossis hlau thiab metalloids (xws li H, B, N, S, P, C, Si, thiab lwm yam). Kev siv cov hlau thiab intermetallic compounds feem ntau yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, cov ntaub ntawv nco thiab cov khoom siv superconducting. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob MoSi2 tsis yog cov khoom sib txuas sib txuas, tab sis kos npe los ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas rau cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis yog hlau (silicon tsis yog hlau tab sis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob). Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog txoj cai los faib cov khoom sib xyaw silicon ua cov sib txuas sib txuas. Vim nws muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws nrog cov hlau. Kuj tseem muaj cov chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tebchaw tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Pawg IIIA thiab Pab Pawg VA, xws li InSb, GeAs, InAs, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov theem no suav nrog hlau, semimetals thiab nonmetals, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog semiconductors, uas ua tsis yog cov sib txuas Intermetallic nrog cov khoom siv hlau.

Tam sim no, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov kev tshawb fawb yog cov hlau sib txuas thiab cov khoom sib txuas sib txuas, uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam thiab kev tshawb fawb. Txog rau tam sim no, ntau yam kev siv thiab ntau yam tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom siv nrog cov yam ntxwv hauv kev kho qhov muag, hluav taws xob, sib nqus, superconducting thiab kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv.

Rau kev npaj cov hlau thiab intermetallic compounds, peb tsuas yog siv cov hauv qab no:

Nws tus kheej kis tau kub siab synthesis

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis yog cov txheej txheem rau kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv uas siv cov cua sov ntawm tus kheej thiab nws tus kheej los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshav kub uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau argon los yog nitrogen raws li kev tiv thaiv huab cua, ignition ntawm hmoov billet los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tiam ntawm tshav kub kom cov nyob sib ze hmoov kub nce sai sai, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug combustion yoj kis tau. los ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, combustion nthwv dej txuas ntxiv mus siv cov kev txav mus tom ntej ntawm cov reactants rau hauv cov khoom kawg.

Tshem tawm plasma sintering

Tshem tawm cov ntshav sintering yog siv cov mem tes siab tam sim no siv ncaj qha rau cov pwm thiab cov qauv, yog li tsim lub cev cua sov, kom cov qauv sintered tau sov so sai, thaum cov mem tes tam sim no tshwm sim los ntawm cov nyhuv tawm ntawm cov khoom, yog li ntawd cov qauv sintered tau sov so sai, thaum cov mem tes tam sim no tshwm sim los ntawm cov nyhuv tawm ntawm cov khoom. cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw hauv cheeb tsam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom flaking, huv si saum npoo ntawm cov khoom, kom ua tiav sintering sai, thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom kom loj tuaj.

Mechanical alloying

Mechanical alloying yog lub zog loj pob milling txheej txheem rau kev npaj cov hmoov txhuas, feem ntau qhuav. Kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom sib tsoo thiab cov hmoov ua rau flattening thiab ua hauj lwm-hardening ntawm cov hmoov yas, ua rau particle overlap, nto tiv taus thiab txias vuam. Kev tsim ntawm ntau txheej txheej hmoov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam khoom siv, thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm hardening txheej thiab puas cov khoom tawg, txias vuam thiab tawg tas li rov qab, nrog rau kev sib tov txaus thiab sib tov, kom cov hmoov ua kom zoo dua qub thiab zoo dua qub, thiab tom qab ntawd. tsim ntawm prefabricated composite hais. Vim muaj coob tus tsis xws luag thiab nano-microstructure nyob rau hauv lub composite hais. Ntxiv lub zog siab pob milling tshwm sim thaum lub xeev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.

Qhia Coagulation Technology

Directional solidification yog hais txog kev siv yuam kev hauv cov txheej txheem solidification, nyob rau hauv cov hlau solidified thiab tsis solidified nruab nrab ntawm cov yaj los tsim ib tug kub gradient raws li ib tug kev taw qhia, kom cov yaj nucleation, raws li cov kev taw qhia opposite mus rau lub tshav kub ntws, raws li zoo raws li mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau crystallographic orientation rau solidification. Directional solidification technology yuav zoo dua tswj cov lis orientation ntawm lub solidified organisation, tshem tawm transverse grain ciam teb, tau kem siv lead ua los yog ib tug siv lead ua organisation, thiab txhim kho lub longitudinal mechanical zog ntawm cov khoom.

Kub nias thiab kub isostatic nias

Kub nias txoj kev thiab kub isostatic nias txoj kev yog hmoov nias thiab sintering txheej txheem nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ob yog tib yam, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog txoj kev sib txawv ntawm lub siab. Kub nias txoj kev yog ib txoj kev los yog ob-txoj kev quab yuam, thiab kub isostatic nias txoj kev yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia ntawm tus qauv yog siv rau tib lub siab, yog li nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov residual porosity ntawm cov khoom, kom ze rau lub tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntom ntom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qee qhov refractory intermetallic compounds yuav tsum tsis txhob nias thiab sintered.